Public Speaking

Public SpeakingVocabulary Learning Strategies There atomic number 18 numerous different sorting systems for style learning strategies. Several common used are listed at the following. Gu and Johnson (1996) developed a classification of vocabulary learning strategies that are beliefs virtually vocabulary learning, metacognitive regulation, guessing strategies, vocabulary strategies, note- victorious strategies, retrospection strategies (rehearsal), memory strategies (encoding) and activation strategies. Schmitt (1997) took advantage of Rebecca Oxfords (1990, p. 4) classification of learning strategies containing memory strategies, cognitive strategies, metacognitive strategies, and social strategies, and the Discover/ integrating distinctions suggested by Cook and Mayer to propose an extensive taxonomy of vocabulary learning strategies. It tramp be divided into two classes. Five groups are included in these two classes. I. Strategies are used for the discovery of a unexampled pass sound turn ups centre Determination strategies (DET) the strategies are used to discover a new intelligence informations consequence without recourse to anothers expertise when learners dont know a newsworthiness.For instance, learners can use a dictionary, analyze any available pictures or gestures or guess nub from textual context. Social strategies (SOC) the strategies are employed to ask someone who knows. Learners can ask teacher or classmates slightly information in a variety of ways, much(prenominal) as a synonym, paraphrase, or L1 transformation of new word. II. Strategies are used for consolidating a word once it has been encountered Social strategies (SOC) they can alike be employed to consolidate learned words by interacting with other people like subscribeing and practicing meaning in a group.Memory strategies (MEM) the strategies (traditionally known as mnemonics) involve connecting the word to be retained with some antecedently learned knowledge, emp loy some form of count onry, or grouping. A new word can be integrated into many kinds of existing knowledge (i. e. previous experiences or known words) or views can be custom-made for retrieval (i. e. images of the words form or meaning attributes). (1) Picture/imagery Learners hire new words with pictures of their meaning instead of definition. (2) Related words New words can conjugate to L2 words that the student already knows.Usually this involves some type of sense relationship, much(prenominal) as coordination (blue other kinds of burnish like red, purple or white), synonymy (beautiful-pretty), or antonym (dead-alive). (3) Unrelated words Learners can also link words to moderniseher that expect no sense relationships. One way of doing this is with peg or hook words. One first memorizes a rhyme like one is a bun, two is a shoe, three is a tree etc. Then an image is created of the word to be remembered is chair, then an image is made of a bun (peg word) resting on a c hair.Recitation of the rhyme draws up these images, which in turn command prompt the pose words. (4) grouping It is an important way to aid recall, and people seem to organize words into groups naturally without prompting. (5) Words orthographical or phonological form It involves focusing on the target words orthographical or phonological form to facilitate recall. One can explicitly study the spelling or pronunciation of a word. Other options are to visualize the orthographical form of a word in an act to remember it, or to acquire a mental representation of the sound of a word, perhaps devising use of rhyming words.The Keyword Method entails a learner finding a L1 word which sounds like the target L2 word, i. e. the English word cat for the Japanese word katana (sword). Then an image combing the two concepts is created, such as a samurai cat waving a sword. When the L2 word is later heard, the sound similarity invokes the created image which prompts the L2 words meaning. (6) Other memory strategies There are other useful ways of consolidating its meaning, such as analyzing a words affixes, root, and word class.One way of increasing ones vocabulary is to analyze and learn the individual words of these chunks, and then use the wholly chunk (if it is transparent enough) as a mnemonic device for remembering the individual word meanings. In addition, the use of physical effect can also facilitate language recall. cognitive strategies ( roll) The strategies are similar to memory strategies, but are not focused so specifically on manipulative mental processing. They include repetition and using mechanical means to study vocabulary. Another kind of cognitive strategy is using study aids.Taking notes in class invites learners to create their own personal structure for newly learned words, and also offers the chance for additive exposure during review. Metacognitive strategies (MET) Students used the strategies to control and evaluate their learning, behaving an overview of the learning process in general. Table 1 A Simple Taxonomy of Vocabulary Learning Strategies Vocabulary Learning Strategy (VLS) 1. Strategies for the discovery of a new words meaning 2. Strategies for consolidating a word once it has been encountered Determination strategies (DET) Social strategies (SOC)Social strategies (SOC) Memory strategies (MEM) Cognitive strategies ( sprocket wheel) Metacognitive strategies (MET) Table 2 A Taxonomy of Vocabulary Learning Strategies (Schmitt, 1997, p. 207-8) Taxonomy of Schmitts Vocabulary Learning Strategies Strategy throng Strategies for discovering the meaning of a new word DET Analyze part of lecture DET Analyze affixes and roots DET interrupt for L1 cognate DET Analyze any available pictures or gestures DET Guess from textual context DET Bilingual dictionary DET Monolingual dictionaries DET Word lists DET Flash card game SOC take up teacher for L1 translationSOC Ask teacher for paraphrase or synonym of new word SOC A sk teacher for a sentence including the new word SOC Ask classmates for meaning SOC Discover new meaning through group work activity Strategies for consolidating a word once it has been encountered SOC Study and practice meaning in a group SOC Teacher checks students flash card word lists for accuracy SOC Interact with native-speakers MEM Study word with a pictorial representation of its meaning MEM realize words meaning MEM Connect word to a personal experience MEM Associate the word with its coordinatesMEM Connect the word to its synonyms and antonyms MEM delectation semantic maps MEM Use scales for gradable adjectives MEM Peg Method MEM Loci Method MEM Group words together to study them MEM Group words together spatially on a foliate MEM Use new word in sentences MEM Group words together within a plot line MEM Study the spelling of a word MEM Study the sound of a word Table 2 (continued) MEM Say new word aloud when studying MEM Image word form MEM Underline initial allowter of the word MEM Configuration MEM Use Key word Method MEM Affixes and roots MEM Part of speech MEM Paraphrase the words meaningMEM Use cognates in study MEM Learn the words of idiom together MEM Use physical action when learning a word MEM Use semantic feature grids COG Verbal repetition COG Written repetition COG Word lists COG Flash cards COG Take notes in class COG Use the vocabulary section in your text edition COG Listen to tape of word lists COG Put English labels on physical objects COG Keep a vocabulary note book MET Use English-language media (songs, movies, newscast, etc. ) MET Testing oneself with word tests MET Use spaced word practice MET Skip or pass new word MET Continue to study over timePublic SpeakingPublic SpeakingOUTLINE FOR SPEAKING TO INFORM (SPEECHES rough CONCEPTS) NAME ZULAIKHA BINTI AHMAD ABDULLAH SUBJECT SUBJECT CODE PUBLIC SPEAKING UBE 2023 SEMESTER 4. 0 SESSION 2012/2013(2) KULLIYYAH KULLIYYAH SYARIAH & UNDANG-UNDANG TITLE wholesome AND ACTIVE LIFESTYLE PROGRAMME STRUCTURE / GROUP ISMSY_SYA 7 OUTLINE FOR SPEAKING TO INFORM * point Healthy and industrious modus vivendi. * General purpose To inform (speech most concepts). * Specific purpose To inform my audient about high-priced and active lifestyle. Central idea There are three ways to be fit and active lifestyle are take balance meal, sleep enough every day and splendor of coiffe to make human healthy and to a greater extent active. Introduction I. The goal of my speech is to inform you about healthy and active lifestyle . Most of us hardly think healthy and active lifestyle is very grandness but do we in healthy and active lifestyle. The definition of healthy and active lifestyle from oxford dictionaries healthy is in a good physical or mental condition, active meaning engaging or ready to engage in physically energetic pursuits and lifestyle is the way in which a person lives. II.A healthy lifestyle leaves you fit, energetic and reduced risk for disease, base d on the choices you make about your daily habits. III. Developing a healthy lifestyle for children as early as achievable is important, but it is never too late to make positive lifestyle changes. Good nutrition and mess of physical activity can help prevent obesity and diabetes in children, as well stand a good foundation for muscle and bone development. Healthy children are more alert and have more energy. Healthy lifestyles for children start with the family, parents are role models and activities that families do together have a adult impact on children.IV. Today I will introduce you to three ways to be healthy and active lifestyle are take balance meal, sleep enough every day and importance of exercise to make human healthy and more active. (Transition Lets start by smell at healthy and active lifestyle) Body I. Firstly, one big step to be healthy is taking a take balance meal. A. A healthy nutriment includes a variety of nutrients from the various food groups. A health y diet includes at least 4. 5 cups of fruits and vegetables, 3 cups of dairy and 3 oz. of whole grains daily.Fish, poultry and vegetarian proteins should be eaten more often than red meat. Use unsaturated fats, such as chromatic or safflower oil, more than saturated fats for cooking, dressing and baking. A healthy diet also limits urbane and fast foods high in added sugars, sodium and Trans fats. * ?.. ? ? , ? )Al-Araf 31) Translation from Al-Quran eat and drink but uncivilized not by extravagance, certainly He (Allah) likes notAl-Musrifun(those who waste by extravagance). * We can refer the ingest pyramided B. A healthy diet can reduce risk for disease. Following a healthy, balanced diet can help you to maintain a healthy weight, lower your cholesterol and reduce your risk for disease. deal high fiber, lower fat foods and 5-10 servings of fruit and vegetables every day. Balance your daily meals with foods from the four food groups depict inCanadas Food Guide to Healt hy Eating. * According to the latest study to investigate whether diet can reduce heart attack andstrokeamong those who are trying to avoid second or one-third events and are already taking medications to control blood pressure andcholesterol.In the largest-ever of its kind, published in the journalCirculation, a group of international researchers sayhealthy eatingcan have an added beneficial effect on the heart on top of the influence of heart-protecting medications. We encourage everyone to eat healthy. But especially high-risk patients, we require them to know Take your medication, but modify your diet as well, says lead study author Mahshid Dehghan, a researcher at the Population Health Research Institute in Hamilton, ON, inCanada, one of the centers knotty in the study. Some people think that if medication lowers their blood pressure, healthy eating doesnt matter. We regard them to know that this is wrong, she says C. Drink enough water is importance. Water is your clays pr incipal chemical component and makes up about 60 percent of your body weight. Every system in your body depends on water. For example, water flushes toxins out of vital organs, carries nutrients to your cells and provides a moist environment for ear, nose and throat tissues. * Everyone has heard the advice, Drink eight 8-ounce provide of water a day. That is about 1. liters, which isnt that different from the Institute of Medicine recommendations. Although the 8 by 8 district isnt supported by hard evidence, it remains popular because its easy to remember. Just keep in judgment that the rule should be reframed as Drink at least eight 8-ounce glasses of silver-tongued a day, because all fluids count toward the daily sum. * Every day you lose water through your breath, perspiration, urine and gut movements. For your body to function properly, you must replenish its water supply by consuming beverages and foods that contain water. So how much fluid does the average, healthy adul t living in a temperate climate submit? The Institute of Medicine determined that an adequate intake (AI) for men is roughly 3 liters (about 13 cups) of total beverages a day. The AI for women is 2. 2 liters (about 9 cups) of total beverages a day. (Transition Lets start by looking how much hours we need to sleep every night) II. Secondly, sleep enough every day. A. The American academy of Sleep Medicine recommends that most adults get about seven to eight hours of sleep each night. B.A good nights sleep can actually leave you feeling positive and upbeat. * In fact people who patronage from regular sleep disturbances are three times more likely to experience low way compared to people who sleep well, according to the Great British Sleep Survey, conducted by Sleepier, an organization dedicated to back up people sleep better. C. Sleep can make human more energy and fresh our body and mind. * Example We face a lot of pressure and sleep can realize our tension and depression. (Tran sition Lastly, lets start by looking the importance of exercise to our healthy)III. Thirdly, importance of exercise to our healthy and more active. A. Exercise can reduce excess fats and toxics. * Examples Jogging, playing badminton, running, walking is example of exercise. B. Regular daily exercise accelerates the bodys natural detoxification mechanisms. * Physical activity increases blood circulation throughout the body allowing important nutrients to effectively reach our cells, tissue, organs, and muscles. Lymph fluid (part of the immune system) will also circulate more efficiently increasing the bodys ability to kill pathogens and run into toxins.C. Exercise flushes metabolic waste and other harmful substances from our cells, and vital organs are cleansed. * Toxins can then be eliminated through the various bodily pathways. * Exercise can fit our body and can get ideal weight. Conclusion I. As we have seen, our responsible to take care our healthy. II. Most importance and pre cious are healthy and active lifestyle. III. If we rich in property but we are not health , there are no use anymore. We can be healthy and active lifestyle ,say yes we can.